Human health as a concept established in culture Essay

Introduction Culture may be considered as an array of notions, behavior, and customs that a group of people shares within a given community. These notions are the ones that give identity to each member of a given community. Culture encompasses a number of subsets one of which is a group’s religious and spiritual beliefs, as it is in Haiti. Culture exists in two categories at both extreme trimmings of a continuum. Culture may be considered individualistic or collectivistic. Global cultures reside somewhere in between. In addition. Within a given culture, there are a number of variations. Being familiar with both forms of culture assists medical practitioners to understand where a given segment of a population lies within a given cultural band such that patient care is able to be personalized. Individualistic or collectivistic forms of culture create multiple views relating to the concept of healthcare (Collin, 2004). In this regard, therefore, it can be argued that human health is itself a concept entrenched in the culture. This is true primarily due to the fact that culture I responsible for framing and shaping our perception of our world together with our experiences. Therefore, health practitioners are able to develop a positive interaction with their patients leading to better health care once they grasp the distinction that exists in each of their patient’s cultural values, practices, and beliefs separate from their own. Literature Review Select global cultures and influence in healthcare practice Haitians are inherently spiritual people who believe in the power of healing. They have a strong belief in the concept of miracles channeled through a number of media such as dreams, traditional and scientific medicine. Health is thought of as being an individual’s responsibility and self-treating is considered one of the many ways of ensuring good health. Haitians resort to home-based remedies prior to any form of hospital treatment. Home-based treatment may include the use of herbs, massages or non-prescription medicine. They reach out to doctors and hospitals once it is clear that an illness requires advanced care. It is recommended that clinicians inquire as to which home based remedies a patient has indulged in prior to offering any form of treatment. It is common to find Haitians taking prescribed and herbal medication at the same time. Haitian culture ascribes to use of nebulous terms. It is common to find patients describing the nature of an illness rather than its ass ociated symptoms. In essence, a visit to the hospital is mainly confirmatory of an individual’s self-diagnosis (Nicolas and DeSilva, 2006). In most cases, patients assess individual symptoms and then institute diagnosis bases on the experience of another patient who has contracted the same illness previously. It is common to find Haitians making use of biomedical jargons inappropriately. The extent to which Haitians comply with a given treatment is dependent on their view of an illness’ severity. In essence, some diseases are considered serious such as diabetes and cancer. Others are only considered serious because someone else succumbed to them. Once a doctor expresses an illness’ severity, then can they comply with the course of treatment. Pregnancy, not being an illness, Haitians do not indulge in any form of prenatal care as it is not considered to be of any importance. In addition, birth control is considered undesirable as children are considered a blessing. Haitian culture does not recognize a man’s contribution towards issues of birth control, men do not ascribe to protection during intercourse as it is considered a killer of pleasure (Norris, 2005). Discussions about issues of sexually transmitted diseases are frowned upon. Haiti is one of the countries in the world fraught with some of the worst indicators of health. For this country to overcome such challenges and improve the health of its people, the government needs to address some of the common health challenges currently facing its people. Some of its international partners such as the U.S, and those from the private sector have made efforts to help this country to improve the people’s access to health services. Although there are a lot of ch allenges to contend with, the Haitian government has made efforts, there have been significant positive efforts to encourage family planning and childhood malnutrition (Pierre, 2012). The number of births per person has gone down considerably as a result of a change in culture from the refusal to embrace contraceptives to an increase used of up to 31 percent. Problem statement Health care is one of the most sensitive areas due to its close relation to global cultures. Examining the interaction of culture and health care helps build cultural competencies appropriate during healthcare service provision by medical practitioners. In this respect, it is essential to examine select global cultures and how they influence healthcare provision. Most communities experience immense challenges in terms of access to healthcare. In most cases, such challenges are related to a communities religious and spiritual beliefs.   Therefore, it is important to evaluate how such religious beliefs affects healthcare provision in a multifaceted community based on moral and ethical reasoning, such as in Haiti. Challenges in healthcare access for Haitian cultures Haitians do not ascribe to scientific medicine which involves hospitals, medication and illness diagnosis. They believe in Vodou as a healthcare system. This form of treatment goes over and beyond dimensions of caregiving that is found in most other religions. This form of healthcare is common as practiced in Haiti’s countryside and is based on ontology. However, Haitian possess a stoical approach to disease and illness which is inherently seen in one of their common adages, God is good. Their belief is based on the fact that whatever happens to an individual is God’s doing. They view illness as a form of punishment or battering of bodies that possess natural etiologies (Pierre, 2012). Access to proper treatment and medication is considered pointless since illness is commonly short-lived. One of the most common explanations for the sickness experienced by Haitians is that it is caused by their interaction with the environmental aspects such as cold, food, gas and heat. The existence of supernatural sicknesses is attributed to the wrath of spirits. The cure for such illnesses is based on advice offered to Voodoo ecclesiastics by spirits and as such they must wait upon the spirits for enlightening. Such voodoo practices limit the need to access health care by Haitians (Vonarx, 2011). Challenges associated with diversity in healthcare Haitians in other countries, such as in the United States, encounter linguistic, economic and cultural issues that make integration within such communities difficult which affects their access to health services and their utilization. During demographic, Haitians in America are considered African American. This enables them to hide their cultural, environmental and behavioral diversity amongst other such immigrants. This includes health beliefs, diet, migration experiences, language, and education. Most of the Haitians in America, for instance, do not go for annual checks up. Those who are about 18 years of age may have had a checkup once while those who spoke poor English were not likely to visit a doctor for medical check or treatment (Vonarx, 2011). Barriers to healthcare access and quality care Haitians face a number of issues that limit their ability to access healthcare services, particularly those who reside in countries other than their own, such as those in the U.S. One of such issues is a language barrier. Haitians speak French as their national language, although Creole is technically Haiti’s key undocumented language. Creole is commonly spoken around homes and in daily communication needs. This is the language used by those who do not have an education. Those who move to the U.S encounter a lot of language barrier. Those who are unfamiliar with terms used in the medical field encounter much more difficulty (Saint-Jean & Crandall, 2005). Practitioner-patient difficulties base on beliefs has posted a lot of challenges for Haitians in America seeking healthcare services. A majority of Haitians visit doctors with the expectation that they are knowledgeable on matters of healthcare. Those health practitioners who ask a wealth of questions are thought of as having insufficient knowledge. There is immense lack of adherence to regimes during treatment as a result of Haitians’ perceived lack of urgency in relation to individual health. Families of Haitian descent are commonly matrifocal. Mothers are the ones who make important decisions in which case they have an influence on compliance. Haitians who are culturally entrenched tend to show hesitancy towards discussions involving sexual health (Mccaffrey, 2008). They believe that illnesses are a consequence of a lack of balance in nature. They, therefore, ascribe to use of homemade remedies such as oils and herbal tea which form the initial step of treatment for a majority of illnesses. Legal, ethical and moral reasoning in decisions related to improving healthcare safety Currently, Haiti’s immunization levels of DPT3 is estimated at about 53 percent. This is an indication of this country’s need for improvement as was seen during humanitarian efforts after Haiti’s earthquake. A number of publications have highlighted cases of amputation in Haiti, although none of these have documented such cases in the context of Haiti’s culture. Amputees in Haiti have survival chance socially. However, this new found disability becomes a threat in terms of morbidity together with the need to survive within the streets. Such patients face an increased risk of malnourishment, infection, and maltreatment. In addition, such patients will encounter discrimination within Haiti’s resource strained healthcare system. They further face immense difficulty in terms of getting employment. Medical practitioners encounter dilemmas in which they are forced to decide between performing an amputation and saving a life in which case the patientâ€⠄¢s prospects of living a normal life are diminished. In this case, amputations provide short-lived solutions which are coupled with long-term negative effects (Saint-Jean & Crandall, 2005). Evidence-based practice into the care of the client, the community, and the healthcare environment Evidence-based practices demand an approach that is works based on clinical as well as organizational decision-making. This involves strategies during practice based on three key sources of evidence-based practice. This includes research results, knowledge of clinical practices as well as values that patients hold dear. The main goal of this kind of practice in healthcare is to employ healthcare intervention in the process of improving healthcare access to those who seek medical attention. This will develop healthcare results for patients. Currently, few studies have been done with the aim of testing cultural congruence in terms of health interventions. Cultural competency in the care of the client, community, aging and vulnerable populations Multicultural practices in the area of human health encompass knowledge in the area of cultural diversity and worldwide views coupled with self-awareness of one’s own culture. This includes a health practitioner’s views relating to differences in culture. Multicultural assessment starts with an evaluation of cultural foci, psychological and physical as grounds on which to provide healthcare services. The cultural aspect of an assessment involves examination of ethical, socio-cultural and political elements uniquely embedded within a healthcare continuum of Haitians. One of the important aspects of assessment is communication skills in a multicultural environment.   This is made use of in order to enhance understanding during a health-illness meeting between a health provider and a patient (Saint-Jean & Crandall, 2005). Competence in health provision involving cross-cultural interaction requires the constant interest in enhancing cultural communication. Although health providers may acquire competence in relation to a number of different cultures, competency may not be wholesome. Even then, health providers are likely to acquire competency under a complex blend of knowledge of culture, attitudes, and skills. How well health practitioners become well versed in a number of different cultures depends on their knowledge of different cultures and their ability to implement care that is culturally congruent. However, a comprehensive body of research investigated cultural differences in terms of health care beliefs, values as well as practices which are meant to give guidance to health practitioners while they provide services that show congruence.   Significantly more studies need to be done in order to lower the amount of disparity in terms of healthcare provision. The cultural approaches used currently in Haiti are evocative and experimental. However, they have continued to provide grounds on which to conduct studies meant to increase health access to patients. There is an increasing sense of urgency to work out which intercessions will provide the required level of awareness of health beliefs and values. This also includes social and political aspects that have an influence on healthcare. The effect of political strife as well as globalization has led to a mass movement of Haitians to areas where health practitioners do not understand Haitians’ methods of preserving their health or treating illnesses. In this regard, research has the capacity to provide health practitioners with intervention methods that will work in a culturally assorted environment. Safety, quality, and outcomes in healthcare Deficiencies in terms of quality of health services provided in Haiti is an indication of failure in terms of practitioners compassion and insufficiencies of resources. This results in insufficient knowledge, poor application of technology. It is possible that healthcare systems in Haiti did not work towards aligning health providers incentives to local health practices (Bridges et al., 2011). However, quality of healthcare is the overarching canopy under which patient health and safety reside. Patient safety cannot be separated from the process of delivering health services. Safety practices are those that are meant to minimize the level of risk that patients are exposed to during diagnosis or any other condition. A number of safety approaches have been considered, such as the use of bar codes, simulators, and digital order entry, as some of the methods that are will help prevent errors in healthcare provision. Integration of interprofessional practice models in healthcare Interprofessional education models speak to an instructive system, a group based ordeal, and an interprofessional-recreation experience. The instructional system underlines interprofessional group building abilities, information about callings, patient-focused consideration, administration taking in, the effect of society on human services conveyance and an interprofessional clinical segment. The group based experience exhibits how interprofessional coordinated efforts give administration to patients and how the earth and accessibility of assets affect one’s wellbeing status. The interprofessional-reenactment experience depicts clinical group abilities preparing in both developmental and summative reproductions used to create aptitudes in correspondence and authority (Bridges et al., 2011). One regular topic prompting a fruitful affair among these three interprofessional models included assisting understudies with understanding their own particular expert personality while pic king up a comprehension of other proficient parts of the social insurance group. Duty from divisions and schools, different logbook understandings, curricular mapping, coach, and workforce preparing, a feeling of the group, sufficient physical space, innovation, and group connections were all distinguished as basic assets for a fruitful project. Synopsis proposals for best practices incorporated the requirement for authoritative backing, interprofessional automatic base, submitted personnel, and the acknowledgment of understudy cooperation as key segments to accomplishment for anybody building up an IPE focused system (Bridges et al., 2011). Improvement of the quality of healthcare of vulnerable populations The setting and circumstances of every case will fluctuate, and significant adaptability is required while assessing well-being and searching for markers of disregard or manhandle. Evaluations may include extended time and require a few visits from diverse experts (Mitchell, 2008). Security data is essential and may originate from an assortment of sources, including medical records, family doctors, relatives, companions, home consideration staff, neighbors, landowners, and police. Vulnerable grown-ups are frequently not approaching or dependable witnesses. They may need knowledge and deny help (Culo, 2015). Thorough geriatric evaluation ought to incorporate a customer meeting, physical examination, and audit of medicinal history and pharmaceutical utilization. Lab and radiographic studies may be clinically shown. Fundamental psychological testing and screening for the psychiatric issue are recommended. It is essential to investigate potential budgetary, physical, passionate, and sexual misuse (Hughes, 2008). Care of the client, community, aging and vulnerable populations Enhancing the nature of human services and decreasing incongruities are basic issues for wellbeing change – the basic to catch and saddle our extensive quality in this field is more grounded than at any other time. The mission of the Center for Health Care Quality is to propel examination and grant that advanced proof based consideration, with elevated regard for the needs of the underserved in Haiti (Somnath, 2008). Through cautious study, we recognize the best approaches to enhance nature of consideration at the authoritative and group levels. GCHQ’s endeavors likewise fixate on watchful quality estimation and the interpretation of proof into practice. CHCQ would work in health facility settings all through Haiti to interpret demonstrated, proof-based systems into practice. The collection of learning that is produced will bolster change over the continuum of consideration and will advise policymakers at the group, territorial, state and national levels (Board, 2012).    References Collin M. (2004). Cultural and Clinical Care for Haitians. Indian health services. http://www.in.gov/isdh/files/Haiti_Cultural_and_Clinical_Care_Presentation_Read-Only.pdf Nicolas, G and DeSilva, M.(2006). Haitian Culture. Encyclopedia of Health Care Management. Norris, A. (2005). Mechanics of Conducting Culturally Relevant HIV Prevention Research with Haitian American Adolescents: Lessons Learned, Journal of Multicultural Nursing and Health, 11-11. https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/centers/boisi/pdf/s091/Mechanics_of_Conducting_Culturally_Relevant_HIV_Prevention_R.pdf Pierre, F. (2012). Health status of Haitian Americans. 3-3. http://med.stanford.edu/schoolhealtheval/files/FPierre_HaitianAmericans.pdf Saint-Jean, G., & Crandall, L. (2005). Utilization of Preventive Care by Haitian Immigrants in Miami, Florida. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health J Immigrant Health, 7(4), 283-292. Mccaffrey, R. (2008). The Lived Experience of Haitian Older Adults’ Integration Into a Senior Center in Southeast Florida. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 33-39. Vonarx, N. (January 01, 2011). Haitian Vodou as a health care system: between magic, religion, and medicine.  Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine,  17,  5.) Culo, S. (2015). Risk assessment and intervention for vulnerable older adults | BC Medical Journal. Bcmj.org. Retrieved 3 November 2015, from http://www.bcmj.org/articles/risk-assessment-and-intervention-vulnerable-older-adults Bridges, D., Davidson, R., Soule Odegard, P., Maki, I., & Tomkowiak, J. (2011). Interprofessional collaboration: three best practice models of interprofessional education. Medical Education Online, 16(0). http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v16i0.6035 Board, I. (2012). Transition to Community Care: Models and Opportunities. National Academies Press (US). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK98460/ Hughes, R. (2008). Tools and Strategies for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety. Agency For Healthcare Research And Quality (US). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/ Mitchell, P. (2008). Defining Patient Safety and Quality Care. Agency For Healthcare Research And Quality (US). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2681/    Somnath Saha, L. (2008). Patient Centeredness, Cultural Competence, and Healthcare Quality. Journal Of The National Medical Association, 100(11), 1275. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824588/

Eating Disorders Essay

Eating disorders are devastating and harmful behavioral patterns that occur within people for numerous reasons. The three types of eating disorders I will be discussing include the three most common of the disorders: anorexia, bulimia, and compulsive overeating (known as binge eating). Though the disorders take physical damage on the body, they are not in fact physical illnesses. You cannot â€Å"catch† and eating disorder. Rather, they are mental issues that develop more frequently within females but do affect the male population somewhat as well. Eating disorders are very common in our culture many people have them or know someone who does. With our cultures unrealistic views on what is beautiful the supper skinny models that woman see everywhere makes many people think that they have to live up to those standards. Some people feel if they cannot be up to these standards that they are not good enough and this causes them to do things that a person in their normal state of mi nd would never do. When people starve themselves to like in anorexia they end up developing many different psychological problems and find excuses to keep up with their destructive habits. There are also people who are addicted to eating they use eating as a way to feel a void that they feel like they have. They lean to use eating as a cooping tool in turn they become obese then they use eating to deal with their depression which works as a double edged sword. What they love is what is destroying them physically as well as mentally. This can also be considered emotional eating this is eating when you’re angry, sad, or even anxious. Many cultures have different views as what is considered attractive these variables play a large part in what peoples diet habits are this can be seen in the magazines and television from the area to show what they culture is  expecting people to look like and what they are expected to eat. Women have been the main ones with eating disorders but men with them are on the rise this is due to the unrealistic thoughts on them as well. Men are more prone to work out more than what is really necessary that way they get lower body fat. Many men think the lower their body fat the better they are this can cause many other mental issues that were not originally perceived as a female problem. With the current changes in culture the rise in men having eating disorders will keep rising. Bulimia occurs with or without anorexia symptoms. Individuals with bulimia tend to binge eat then self induce vomiting. However, binge eating is sometimes not a component of bulimia. Individuals may eat normal a mounts, and then excuse themselves to the bathroom. Another common trait is the use of laxatives, diuretics, and enemas in thoughts that it will excrete those calories. Bulimics are not necessarily underweight. Some are even over weight if not at a normal weight, and they almost always have a swollen appearance to their stomachs. Compulsive overeating is a disorder in which individuals overeat, often using food as an addictive substance. As others may turn to alcohol, drugs, or gambling to alleviate stress, compulsive overeaters turn to food. Eating disorders can plague women, and men of any age. With treatment people can overcome eating disorders and regain a normal lifestyle. They of course will always struggle with their initial issues related to food, however the treatments can teach them and give them the strength to overcome the impulses.

Argument Analysis about The Moral Instinct by Steven Pinker Essay

Argument Analysis about The Moral Instinct by Steven Pinker - Essay Example He asserts that the distinct patterning of brain activity displayed in this and other experiments illustrates an instinctive moral sense that exists organically in the human brain, â€Å"hardwired† in a manner similar to how other theorists have posited grammar as fundamental to human instinct, yet distinct from other types of mental and emotional activity. Pinker invokes â€Å"history’s best-thought-through moral philosophies, including the Golden Rule (itself discovered many times); Spinoza’s Viewpoint of Eternity; the Social Contract of Hobbes, Rousseau and Locke; Kant’s Categorical Imperative; and Rawls’s Veil of Ignorance... (as well as) Peter Singer’s theory of the Expanding Circle,† numerous scientific studies from psychology, neuroscience, sociology, and other disciplines to build his thesis from authoritative sources of reference, yet ultimately fails to prove conclusively why his hypothesis is differentiated from pure supposi tion. (Pinker, 2008) For example, in ‘The Moral Instinct,’ Pinker writes: â€Å"According to Noam Chomsky, we are born with a ‘universal grammar’ that forces us to analyze speech in terms of its grammatical structure, with no conscious awareness of the rules in play. By analogy, we are born with a universal moral grammar that forces us to analyze human action in terms of its moral structure, with just as little awareness. The idea that the moral sense is an innate part of human nature is not far-fetched. A list of human universals collected by the anthropologist Donald E. Brown includes many moral concepts and emotions, including a distinction between right and wrong; empathy; fairness; admiration of generosity; rights and obligations; proscription of murder, rape and other forms of violence; redress of wrongs; sanctions for wrongs against the community; shame; and taboos.† (Pinker, 2008) Symbolically, Pinker begins his essay by introducing historical figures or pop culture

Canada's Prosperity at Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Canada's Prosperity at Risk - Essay Example The country at the focal point of the study happens to be Canada. Canada is one of the most developed and richest countries in the world. The country is blessed rich natural resources and has a diverse and highly educated population. However, the country is going through a phase of change and facing certain challenges on various fronts which could reduce the prosperity of the nation. (Cowan, 2005). Based on in depth research it has been decided that the country faces prosperity challenges in the domain of infrastructure, innovation, demographics, natural resource, government regulation and politics. From an infrastructural point of view it is to be said that the cities of Canada are at the cross roads. The government of Canada does not have any strong agenda on the infrastructural commitments. From the perspective of innovation the prosperity of the country is threatened on three fronts such as the global competition, demographics and productivity. There is very little doubt over the fact that China has a population which is highly educated and skilled. But from a demographic perspective off late the country has been facing a problem of aging population. As mentioned before, Canada has been blessed with rich and large amount of natural resources. Such resources are used for the production of energy which also happens to be a major contributor to the overall GDP of the country. But the growing demand of power has been creating a misbalance in the ecosystem. Also another major problem faced by the country has been the fact the present government regulations are believed to be quite complex and lack robustness. On the political fore front there lie various political complexities especially in the domain of taxations. The present looks to critically analyze all the cause and effects of the challenges mentioned above and looks to propose probable recommendations to over the challenges (Henry, 2008). Cause and effect From the perspective of innovation one of the majo r challenges faced by the country is the transformation face of the global economy. The global economy is still looking to recover from the after effects of the 2008 recession. Also the economy is going through a transformation phase due to the rise of the emerging economies like china, India, Brazil, etc. This most certainly creates opportunities for the exporters and investors of the country. But the continuous expansion of information and technologies would lead to a high value knowledge network. As a result each and every Canadian enterprise is faced with new levels of intense competition. Just like some of the other developed countries one of the major problems faced by the country is of aging population. The increasing number of proportion of senior citizens would add to the demand of the demand of services in the public domain, especially health care. Also aging the population would mean that there would less number of working and taxpaying Canadians. However, the biggest cha llenge would come in the form of its effect on the labour market; which would be discussed later (Burgemeister, 2003). Also the innovation of the nation would depend upon the growth of the productivity. However, the recent performance of Canada leaves a lot of scope for improvement. Over the last decade or so the productivity grew by just 0.7 percent. This is far below as compared to other developed countries like USA if the rate of growth in productivity in the near future then the potential economic growth of the

Community-Oriented Policing (COP) and Problem-Oriented Policing (POP) Assignment

Community-Oriented Policing (COP) and Problem-Oriented Policing (POP) - Assignment Example The term stands for Scanning, Analysis, Response and Assessment. 2. The most essential component necessary for implementing a COP program would be the need for more community interaction between police officers and local citizens (Hunter & Barker 2011). In addition, there must also be the desire by the community to help with strategic planning in a proactive atmosphere, recruit volunteers to help police as eyes and ears to the community, and the patrol range must be manageable by the police in order to make rounds at least a good number of times for a more effective police presence (Craven 2009). 3. In the case of the POP programs, there has to be a very evident problem which requires strategic thinking and planning for the accomplishment of goals. This usually means there must be a goal for eliminating a specific crime in a certain part of the community. Car theft which might be on the rise, means that police patrols may need to set up stings for catching thieves and to also change their usual schedules by showing up at different times than when normally expected (SARA 2013). 4. The most desirable outcomes for implementing either a COPS or POP program is to accomplish goals which make the community a better place to live and work in (Hunter & Parker 2011). Whenever a community feels threatened by criminal activity, then the citizens live in fear and this means that people will sometimes clam up to the police, creating a rift between the two groups (Depsey & Forst 2013). It is essential for the police to get the citizens on the side of the police officers and to promote working together on patrols and in community programs (Craven 2009; Hunter & Parker 2011). 5. Some of the greatest challenges for implementing a COPS or POP program is that police department funds may have been cut, thus reducing hours allowed on the street for neighborhood patrols. Additionally, cuts in technology funding might mean that officers may lose the means for interacting

HR Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HR Plan - Research Paper Example The land acquired by the company is located at various locations all over the United States to take advantage of the geographical variation. The product line of Ritz ranges from organic spices to organic detergents. The company also produces cereals, processed foods, pulses, tea, rock salt, sweeteners and medicinal herbs which are all organic in nature. Ritz also hires officers who are highly experienced in field work and know how to deal with farm resources. The company has employee strength of around 500 skilled individuals. Ritz develops its products by efficiently identifying customer needs and then modifies product line accordingly. Maintaining customer satisfaction is an important goal that the company always tries to fulfill (Armstrong & Taylor, 2014). Ritz operates on the basis of a one person Human Resource (HR) department. In such a scenario, it becomes imperative to strategically design a HR plan that suffices to all the objectives and goals of the company. The design of the HR department must correspond to the various dimensions of the organization i.e. the HR needs to manage all the divisions of the company appropriately and strike a balance between all the divisions (Armstrong & Taylor, 2014). An efficient HR plan requires that the various components and functioning areas that are vital for efficient HR management are strategically developed and given equal importance. The process should not be complicated. This would ensure that the organizational objectives are always in sync with the HR policies (Armstrong & Taylor, 2014). The various components are given as follows: While designing plan about recruitment and selection of employees, the HR manager must keep in mind the appropriate skills necessary for the available job opportunities at the company. The company can design a recruitment system of its own or use other sources which help the company to identify prospective

The Book The Road and The Movie The Shop on Main Street Essay

The Book The Road and The Movie The Shop on Main Street - Essay Example In the book â€Å"The Road†, Cormac McCarthy writes of a period that had been established during the post-apocalyptic time and the setting is purely fictional to generate the mood that had been associated with failed determination at progress. These two tales predict the events within the universe using different approaches with the movie predicting actual events in relation to the Jewish treatment during the famous war and the book telling tragedy at the time the universe had been created to be linked to a fictional universe. The relationship had been accorded to the two tales to accord the needed incentive in delivering a stable plot development. The movie â€Å"The Shop on Main Street† and the book â€Å"The Road† have both been developed to indicate the nature that humanity may be subjected to the harsh conditions on both fictional and reality scale, and deliver means to find solutions of survival. The Shop on Main Street The movie depicts the plot placed to reflect the nature that the form fascism may be relayed towards innocent living to harm positive societal relations. The character Tono Briko who is depicted as a Czech carpenter is presented with the solution that would uplift his low stature. Tono establishes the relationship with an elderly Jewish woman in the attempt to offer security to her button shop business. Although he is depicted as a lazy individual without ambition, he is accorded the status of an assistant within the new business as a reward for the loyalty that he had portrayed (Crowther). The plot twist had been when he had been faced with the decision of protecting his friend or betraying her, as the Jewish citizens had to be transported and interdicted. Kadar and Klos had created the movie to bear the reflection of the subjections placed on the individuals who had witnessed the tyrannical rule of Hitler. The climax of the plot development had been seen when the tough decision had to be made concerning the human abi lity of relating between the virtues of presenting a saintly character to the evil personality that creates human relation. The plot had been developed to change the outlook issued from the developed theme of positive relation to the period that had been presented to acknowledge difficult decision of protecting the interest of the weak. The period favored the system implemented where the Jewish had been accorded the difficulty to exist during the Hitler regime. The story set had been developed to present the oppression theme on two individuals from both sides of justice. The elderly Jewish woman had been intentionally used in the plot development to relate to the Aryan co-worker to inform of the imbalance that had been inevitable. Although she fulfilled the demands that had been placed upon her to employ an Aryan, the difficulty presented had been noticed when the movie ended in the decision that Tono had to face. The theme of betrayal and oppression is played intricately within the development of the play to limit progress and peaceful relations needed to grant total closure. The time had been crucially related to the historical impact of the reign that Hitler had presented during his reign. The oppressed during the time had composed of Jewish who had been subjected to difficult presentation during the rule of the Nazi. The Road McCarthy’

Business Letter and inforaml report Research Proposal

Business Letter and inforaml report - Research Proposal Example Based on the result, we are confident that the problem was not caused by mishandling of our employees. Our daily operation strictly follows Standards for Safekeeping of our stocks and Proper Handling of Customer orders, and our employees assured as of 100% loyalty and sincerity of service. In connection with this matter, I would like to request your good office to look towards this problem, and could you please give us an assurance that the customers will keep the new cookware on that basis instead of returning it for a credit or a refund. Please give us some feedbacks regarding this matter. Your cooperation will be highly appreciated. We are looking forward for more years of working with you. Please call us if you need our help in any way. Yours sincerely, Tammy Martin President - Martin's Department Store Purpose of the Study Re-establish the competitive edge of Phoenix Advertising Agency - Roanoke Branch in Virginia. I. Introduction A. Brief Presentation of the Roanoke's Background B. Presentation of the Objectives C. Presentation of the Problems II. Research Proper The Study will focus on the 5 important factors stated below: A. Conduct Research on Working Force a.1 Are the existing supervisory staff able to perform their duties well a.2. Study on interaction between each staff from executive level down to the lowest level a.2.1 Interaction between department heads and subordinates. a.2.2 Review on each employees work description and job functions. a.2.3 Evaluate each employees productivity ratings. a.3. Provision on Salaries and Wages of the employees. B. Review of Roanoke's Financial Statements b.1 Review of all Expenses Report b.2 Review of Profit Report b.3 Review on Budget Allocation Report C. Staff Training c.1 Conduct study for trainings required by each employee to carry out their task successfully c.2 Review for budget allocation on Staff Training Expenses D. The Company and the People around it d.1 Conduct research of problems arising from the neighboring community d.2 Conduct research on how to maintain the loyalty of clients d.3 Conduct study on the company's competitors background and behavior. E. Facilities Upgrade f.1 Conduct research for new technologies that could be used for the company's ongoing operation. III. Discussion A. Review of related literatures B. Presentation of Critical Analysis of the 5 important factors needed for the company's survival. IV. Proposals and Recommendations A. Presentations of proposals and recommendations B. Presentation of the advantages and disadvantages that the new recommendations could provide V. Conclusion Presentation of the

Excelsior Dating Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Excelsior Dating Service - Essay Example First f all I don't think that they are good for everyone to use. There are certainly a lot f precautions you must take when dating but that applies to all dating. You need to use common sense and do not be nave when it come to meeting new people. Also I think that the best kind f dating service is the internet type. The news papers and professional dating services seem to be a little "cheap" if you ask me. I would never want to try to post my profile next to one that says 300 lb. man looking for gay lover. It just doesn't seem right. Not that I'm against that sort f thing but it just sounds too cheap. Also, professional services tend to introduce you for dates as soon as possible. (Browne 1-7) It seems too fast for me. Are the men are expecting a little too much after they purchase that steak and lobster dinner But back to the subject at hand, yes I would participate in the internet dating service type program. Actually, I have been a member f a few on-line services and never dated any f the gentle men I've met but I have made a few good friends to chat with anonymously. There are over 1.5 million sites on the internet and I must say I was shocked to see that most services are free to join but there is a catch, you must pay if you want to contact or answer an inquiry, oh- these guys are smart! Some f the pros f the internet type dating services are as follows in the next few paragraphs. The large volume f ads or personality profiles to look through, are great. You would not believe how long it takes just to get through the ones that meet your criteria! This is not something you can do with such anonymity at a night club, don't you agree Anonymity in placing your profile under a screen name, and a great way to meet the honest character is to leave out the photograph. The ability to get to know someone by chatting for hours before you meet them is a great pro f the dating services. Not only will you not judge a book by its cover but the personality click is very important to a woman. Well for myself more than sex appeal I think. You also get the opportunity to meet people from all around the country or even the world and the kicker is most guys write "will relocate for the right woman" sounds like a job ad, silly but effective. The cons or bad points f these services can be dangerous if the wrong type f people use a service such as this. Just recently a girl, age 19, was kidnapped and barely escaped with her life. Now why is a young girl using this service I think they should limit people to age 25 years and up. However, some folks lie about themselves on-line! You must be very careful. People lie about who and what they are including their ages and their intentions. There are many predatory people that use the internet to find naive people to use. Just recently there was an arrest f a man who has meet and stolen millions f dollars from lonely women using a service! There is really no way to check up on the truth behind the chat and what someone is saying they are, IE: married or not There are however some safely use the internet dating services such as following

Employee Electronic Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employee Electronic Privacy - Essay Example The employee eventually resigned from her current position and immediately began to work at the new position. The debate rages on whether which side is correct. But this paper would establish that in this scenario, it is the employer who stands to lose more by their workers’ access to the internet, and hence, are justified in monitoring internet access in the workplace. For one, with each access to the internet the chances of electronic hackers gaining access to the corporations’ intranet and confidential files are increased if not monitored. We turn to Chang, J. (April 9, 2004)1 who stated: †¦..Each year hackers steal millions of dollars worth of proprietary information from companies and organizations. A survey by the Computer Security Institute indicated that for the year 2002, theft of proprietary information by hackers cost companies and organizations over $70 million.1 The cost to insure against these hackers is staggering—the market for hacker insurance is expected to increase from $100 million in 2003 to $900 million by 2005.2 In addition, hackers can cause severe damage to computer systems by altering or deleting data files and disabling software. In addition to proprietary information, hackers also steal personal information from these organizations and corporations including their customers’ credit card numbers, account numbers, and social security numbers. For example, in 2000, hackers stole 55,000 credit card numbers from creditcards.com and 300,000 credit card numbers from CDUniverse.com.3 The theft of personal information such as credit card numbers raises serious concerns relating to both identity theft and privacy. Hence, in an attempt to forestall such staggering losses, the employers’ reaction was naturally to check the culprit, and that is the unprecedented access to online materials. The cost of installing monitoring devices is

How did the two World Wars affect Africa and Africans Essay Example for Free

How did the two World Wars affect Africa and Africans Essay There were different implications and effects that were caused by the World War I and II to African and Africans as well. Many lives were lost and many were rendered useless. Though there are a lot of things that were achieved during this period, there are others that brought about great problems to people. In 1940, German armies were motivated to believe that Africans were in deed their enemies and there was a need to address the issue. With engaging in war with France, and France had several blacks in their army, they were the main target and they were being killed more than their white counterparts. German was fighting people who were below the Nazi, or who Nazi believed they were mutilating their colleagues (Raffael, 596). The effects of the war brought both the positive and negative effects to Africans and Africa as well. Nazi hierarchy had already begun to kill those who they thought were below their Aryan. This was a great suffering for Africans because they were being killed mercilessly. Even they are among their French counterparts, there was no African who was captured and imprisoned but instead they were killed. The other problem was that the Geneva regulations were not applicable to Africans. This was because, the Nazi rule and theory was that the rules were only applicable to the whites but not Africans, thus raising another effect to the African as they were killed without any word or anyone to defend them. Though there were some of the German militaries who were supporting Africans and defending them, those who were Nazified had not respect to Africans. This helped the African soldiers show their heroism as they were trying to defend themselves and in most cases being placed in the front line in the battle, they had to try their best and defend their combat. They believed that African culture believed that whenever an African gets his enemy, he would use coupe-coupe, which was believed was a deadly weapon compared to other short range weapons. They also believed that Africans were already on the attack positions and they would not hesitate attacking their rivals. They used this as a justification of killing Africans (Raffael, 600). In Africa, Africans had already learnt that there is nothing special with the whites and there is nothing whites can do blacks cant do. Africans developed resistant powers and they were now defending their land against occupation by whites. Africans were fighting for freedom and independence. This was not going well with whites in Europe as the information they were getting is that Africans are mutilating their people, raping their women and killing others. This brought about the justification of the Germans illegal activities of killing blacks and mutilating them ‘This charge became an ob- session of some German officers and soldiers and helped to justify the killings of black soldiers and the no-quarters policy in some battles with the’ (Raffael, 600). Most of the African Countries, though they had already suffered a lot, they had already started fighting whites and they managed to get their independence and have their own governments without of the colonial rules.

Role of the United States Government Essay Example for Free

Role of the United States Government Essay Introduction In the recent past, we cannot deny that the media industry has experienced monumental growth both in terms of revenues and global expansion. Like other businesses, such as banking and manufacturing, the media business has enjoyed globalized operations to expand and grow, becoming one of the biggest conglomerates in the world. World media has proactively employed information technology and advancement in communication to expand their operations spanning several nations and continents. The news sector of world media seems to have captured most audience. Big corporations such as Cable News Network (CNN), Fox News, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and CBS dominate the news corporations with a worldwide reach. In the same regard, entertainment media, such as movies and television shows have also experienced immense growth. Companies from the U.S., for instance Walt Disney, Time Warner, News Corporation and New York Times Company are some of the biggest companies in world media market. U.S. firms have been able to pose formidable media entities in print and digital media services. They have also played an active role in asserting the views of the West with respect to the world issues and, therefore, becoming key players in the global media industry. Thus, for such commendable growth to be witnessed, the United States government must have, in one way or another, assisted these firms to grow and expand to the global market. While the U.S. government has always maintained zero interference in media, such policy is by itself is an active role. This essay will discusses the role of the United States government in assisting U.S. firms expand to the international market. Neoliberal Policies of the 1980s One of the most profound roles of the government in allowing growth in media and globalization is the neoliberal policies and stances adopted in the 1980s. The U.S. government with other likeminded governments, such as the United Kingdom, adopted neoliberal policies in the media industry. The term neoliberal is a multifaceted ideology with different meanings under dissimilar circumstances. However, Pickard (2007) argues that the term simply refers to efforts towards privatization, liberalization, deregulation and globalization of an industry. The U.S. government sought to allow the media industry propelling itself as guided by economics and other drivers of business. Privatization Drive Neoliberal polices first allowed and encouraged the privatization of media companies. With regard to this, private investors took up media operations an introduced new ways of running such businesses. Efficiency and competition became the norm and advertising transformed into a target of the competition. Similarly, foreign investors accepted the lure of privately run media corporations and thus created domestic competition that was unrivalled elsewhere in the world. Such competition led to mergers and buyouts; as a result, a few giants were left to compete in the market. Soon, the expansion in the U.S. was only possible in slight increments and, hence, expansion to the global market was paramount. Such magnificent growth in the United States motivated other nations, especially in the European Union, adopt similar policies (McChesney 2001). Open and competitive market gave the U.S. conglomerates an opportunity to invest in other countries. Today, the biggest media firms in the world are the American firms that expanded after privatizations of businesses. Loosening of Restrictions on Ownership Structures Additionally, neoliberal policies reduced restrictions in antitrust laws and cross ownership of business (Yong 2012). This allowed media businesses to undertake both horizontal and vertical integration. Horizontal integration is where a business diversifies its operation by owning subsidiaries of different sectors (Deloitte 2012). For instance, Time Warner is known print media, news networks and movie productions houses. On the other hand, vertical integration can be defined as businesses owning a business with one main stream of business or practice. Thus, loosening of cross ownership restrictions gave room for business to expand to different units and to the global market. A new approach to media business that emerged was the convergence of business. Convergence of business is where two, proportionately big firms, join to share audience as well as brand names (McChesney 2001). A notable case of convergence in the U.S. media industry was the convergence between AOL and Time Warner. While other convergences have also been experienced, the economic results have been mixed. The AOL merger experienced difficult economic conditions that they later preferred to de-converge. In all loosen restrictions on laws has provided for media to explore all sorts of business arrangement. Zero Government Intervention The United States government has always taken pride in itself as one of the most liberal government in the world. The term liberal has been used in the sense that the government adopts a hands-off policy towards the content and the manner in which media houses are run. To this end, the responsibility of ensuring that content and information dissemination is done in a responsible way rests with the media firms. Global Expansion of US Media Industries 5 Such a non regulated media demands that media firms seek professionalism in passing information. Pickard (2007) argues that a media free of government intervention has to go an extra mile in order to gain public acceptance. The U.S. media firm has employed professionalism in reporting and entertaining the public. Democracy and open space that the U.S. government has maintained has allowed media firms expressing varied opinion on different issues. Further, the freedom of expression that has been assured by the constitution and protected by the government has fostered a media that can be termed ‘the peoples’ ‘watchdog’. Thus the government has opened up itself for scrutiny by privately owned media firms in a move that improves on transparency (Reportlinker.org 2012). Such a responsible media has made other nations around the world to envy such media firms. American news networks such as CNN and Fox News broadcast to a lmost every corner of the globe. Many countries have these news broadcasts translated as their differences languages. These firms have been deemed as independent and professional media houses. Such acceptance is due to the good perception that these media firms enjoy back home. The U.S. government, by providing free space, has allowed U.S. media firms being accepted all over the world and, thus, facilitated the expansion. Conclusion From all of the information, it can be concluded that the United States media firms are one of the biggest non-financial conglomerates in the world. Companies such as Vivendi, Sony, AOL Time Warner and Viacom report billions of dollars in revenues. While the firm may appear to operate like other old conglomerates, the companies did not exist two decades ago. The American government played a vital role in fostering media firm expansions. The first change that the government implemented was the introduction of the neoliberal policies that the Global Expansion of US Media Industries 6 government instituted in the 1980s. These policies first allowed private ownership of media firms. Privatization of media firms allowed private investors running media firms and employ sound business practices. Either, privatization of media firms allowed foreign investors seeking stake in these firms and pursuing expansion. Global expansion was a result of massive expansion and competition. The second role hat neoliberal policies played was the loosening of media ownership restrictions. This allowed media houses practicing both vertical and horizontal integration as practiced in other sectors. The final and perhaps the most important role that the government has played is establishing independence of the media. The U.S. government has adopted a policy where the government has fully eliminated itself from the media business. Independence of media has created public trust within the country and beyond. This allows media houses broadcasting and disseminating information in the regions other than the United States. References Deloitte 2012, Where the true growth lies; the market for digital media, Deloitte ConsultingLLP. McChesney, R 2001, Global media, neoliberalism imperialism, viewed 22 October 2012, . Pickard, V 2007, Neoliberal visions and revisions in global communications policy from NWICO to WSIS, Journal of Communication Inquiry, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 118-139. Reportlinker.org 2012, Media industry: market research reports, statistics and analysis, viewed 22 October 2012, http://www.reportlinker.com/ci02088/Media.html. Yong, D 2012, The political Eeconomies of media: the transformation of the global media industries, viewed 22 October 2012, http://www.bloomsburyacademic.com/view/PoliticalEconomiesMedia_9781849664264/c hapter-ba-9781849664264-chapter-008.xml.

Assembling personal computer’s hardware and software

Assembling personal computer’s hardware and software Assembling the Personal Computer Firstly, you will assemble the case. You will need to install the power supply, the motherboard, Graphic card, Microprocessor, Main Memory, Hard disk drive, Network Interface Card and so on are stand offs to hold in the motherboard. You will also need to connect some wires to the motherboard You will need to unwrap the motherboard and microprocessor chip. The chip will have one marked corner that aligns with another marked corner of its socket on the motherboard. Align the corners and drop the microprocessor into the socket. You dont need to apply any pressure if its aligned correctly, it should fall into place. Once you have it in, cinch it down with lever arm Second, you will need to install the heat sink. The CPU box will contain a manual that tells you how to do it. The heat sink will contain either a heat sink sticker or heat sink grease to use when mounting the heat sink on the CPU. To install your heat sink, all you had to do was put it in place, cinch it down with flanges on either side and lock it with a cam. Connect the power lead for the heat sink to the motherboard Once youve chosen the right kind of RAM, its time to install your RAM module into the insides of your desktop. You should handle RAM carefully. The RAM slots are located on the computers motherboard. There are usually two slots, though there may be more. It will probably take more pressure than you would think to get the RAM into place. Each side of the module should also have a rotating arm that will look the RAM down Now your motherboard is ready to put in the case. Your motherboard should have come with a faceplate for its back connectors. You need to put in the plate and press it until it clicks in place. It needs to sit about a quarter of an inch away from the cases surface so that none of its connectors touch the case. Find the screws for set up motherboard in the case. Dont screw them in too tightly .Be very careful when putting in the screws. If you drop them into the case, they could damage the fine wires on the motherboard one goes Installing the hard disk drive and the DVD-ROM drive. The case has a removable bracket with four rubber grommets on it, which line up with four holes on the hard drive. It also came with four screws made just to punch through those grommets. Screw the hard drive into the bracket back into its slot in the case. If you are using IDE/PATA drives, be sure to set the jumpers correctly. Then connect the hard disk to the power using one of the connectors coming off of the power supply. Now install the cables. One side of the cable has a red stripe on it, which makes it pin 1. Look on the motherboard and hook the cable into the IDE connector marked 1. Insert the other end of the cable on the back of the drive. Now the drive is ready to use Now, you will install the CD-ROM drive. Again, set up the jumpers correctly. The CD-ROM drive fits in the front of the case, and you may have to put out a faceplate to make the room for it. Slide it in and screw it into place, making sure that it is aligned with the front of the case. Just as with the hard drive, you can use any available connector from the power supply. You will also use the cable that came with the CD-ROM drive to connect it to the motherboard and plug the other end into the drive. Connect the audio for the CD drive. Next, there is an obvious place for it to plug in on the motherboard and on the drive itself Hard disk devices use a ribbon cable to connect to each other. Ribbon cables have all of the wires laid flat next to each other instead of bunched or wrapped together in a bundle. IDE ribbon cables have either 40 or 80 wires. There is a connector at each end of the cable and another one about two-thirds of the distance from the motherboard connector.. The three connectors are typically different colors and attach to specific items: ï‚ § The blue connector attaches to the motherboard ï‚ § The black connector attaches to the primary (master) drive ï‚ § The grey connector attaches to the secondary (slave) drive. The last step is installing the power supply in the case. The power supply has two sides. The fan side faces outside the case and the wire side face inside. Slide the power supply onto its brackets and secure it with screws. Connect the power connector is leads to the motherboard. These are should be a large one and a small one, and it will be obvious as to where each one goes. You will be left with about 15 more wires. Dont worry the manuals have a page to tell you exactly where each one goes. Each of them has a label that corresponds to a label on the correct port. It is time to turn your machines on and see if its work. If there are a switch on the back of the power supply, make sure it is on. Also make sure that the power supply is set correctly to 110 or 220 volts At the same your personal computer is powering up and already use Installing Net Interface Card 1. You will select â€Å"Installation the software automatically (Recommended)† and click â€Å"Next†. 2. Searching hardware device. 3. You will click â€Å"Next†. 4. Installation software. 5. You will click â€Å"Finish†. 6. Then Local Area Connection is enabling. Using an appropriate hub or switch connect the PCs using appropriate cabling †¢ The PCs are connected with a single cable (crossover cable limited to two PCs), or are they connected to a hub/switch †¢ First, these â€Å"lights† are really light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and will usually appear in some form of yellow, orange, or green colour, depending on the NIC manufacturer †¢ Second, the link light indicates that the NIC and the cable have a valid electrical connection between the PC and the network device, usually a hub or a switch †¢ The NIC, cable, and hubs or switches are working. When the activity light blinks, it is indicating that data is being transferred between the networking devices †¢ The data is usable—it just means that data is making the trip from the NIC to the hub or switch or from the hub or switch to the NIC †¢ If you are having trouble connecting to a network or communicating to other machines on the network, the link and activity lights are a good place to start your troubleshooting. 1. Microsoft Windows XP Professional Configuration and fine-tuning 1. First we need to install window on hard disk drive. Insert the installation CD into the CD drive. Change the boot setting to the boot from CD. Then save and exit. When you see â€Å"Press any key to boot from CD,you press space bar to boot from cd. The blue screen will appear like above and wait for loading set up 2. The blue screen appears like below and the instruction will also give you how to do. If you want to set up window XP, press ENTER and if repair, press R and if want to quit, press F3. We want to set up window XP so press ENTER to install window 3. This step is license agreement from Microsoft and if you will agree this license, press F8 key. 4. This step is showed your unpartition space on your hard disk and it is new so no need delete.In this step,you have to create partition space for your hard disk .Therefore press C for create partition. 5. In disk C, you have to install window and other application so you give 40000 MB space. Then press ENTER. 6. You will see the partition space have been created. And then you select on the un partitioned space and create partition space again. 7. In the disk D, you have to store your data and other information so you give 40000 MB space. Then press ENTER. 8. You will see the partition space have been created. 9. Select â€Å"Format the partition using the NTFS file system†. And then press â€Å"Enter† to continue. 10. Wait a minutes for formats the partition. 11. And then wait a minutes for copies files 12. After formatting, the computer will reboot and in this time dont press any key when you will see† Press any key boot from CD†. Then you will see window is running. 13. You will see GUI after reboot and wait 39 minutes for installing windows. 14. Wait a minutes for â€Å"Get support for the latest hardware and software. 15. Click â€Å" Next† after installation. 16. Fill â€Å"full name† and â€Å"Organization† and click â€Å"Next†. 17. After that input product key. Product key might be on window XP CDor on the cover. Then click next. 18. In this stage you must input computer name and administrator password and again rein put this password at confirm password. Then click next. 19. If you see the time date, click next again. 20. Wait a few minutes for â€Å"Explore your creative side with photos and videos†. 21. Choice â€Å"Typical Setting† and click â€Å"Next†. 22. Choice â€Å"No this computer is not on a network, or is on a network, without a domain† and Click â€Å"Next†. 23. And then wait a few minutes for â€Å"Windows Movie Maker makes it easy and fun to capture,create,and share home movies†. 24. Wait5 minutes for â€Å"Experience the ultimate in safety, security, and privacy†. 25. Wait 9 minutes for â€Å"Easy move documents and personal settings to a new computer†. 26. Wait 1 minutes for â€Å"Be assured of greater accessibility†. 27. You will see Microsoft Windows XP logo. 28. Click â€Å"OK†. 29. Click â€Å"OK† to continue. 30. You will see â€Å"Welcome to Microsoft Windows†. 31. You will click â€Å"Next†. 32. This stage is checking your internet connection and click â€Å"Next†. 33. Click Next. 34. Enter â€Å"Your name† and click â€Å"Next†. 35. Click â€Å"Finish†. 36. Appear Welcome box. 37. In this stage you can already use â€Å"Microsoft Windows Xp†. 38. You can change background image . 39. You can also change icons . 40. Double click on my computer icon. 41. Right click on the Local Disk(D) and click â€Å"format†. 42. You will click on the start button. 43. And then you will click on the ok button. 44. This step is complete format so you will click on the ok button. 45. You can already store your data and other information on the Local Disk (D). Network for PC 1 1. Right-click on the â€Å"My Network Place† and click on the properties. 2. You will see Local Area Connection is enable in the Network Connection . 3. Right click on the Local Area Connection and click properties. 4. In the General tab you will choice the â€Å"Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) and click properties. 5. You will see already select â€Å"Obtain an IP address automatically†. 6. So you will select again the â€Å"Use the following IP address†. 7. For PC1 , IP address is 1.1.1.1 .This IP is group A. 8. In the run box, type cmd and click on â€Å"OK† button. 9. This step is testing these network. If your network is connect, show message (Reply from†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..).If your network is disconnect, show message (Request time out or so on). 10. If your network is connect, showed message below the figure. 11. Open your Local Disk D and then right click on anywhere and choice new folder. 12. In this folder, rename pc1. 13. Right-click on this folder and click â€Å"Sharing and Security†. 14. Select the sharing tab. 15. In the sharing tab and select â€Å"share this folder on the network†. 16. In this stage, pc1 folder is already share. 17. Right-click on the â€Å"My Network Place† and then click â€Å"Open†. 18. You will see â€Å"View workgroup computers† and click on it. 19. You will see Workgroup computers. 20. This step is viewed on the win2. 1. Right-click on the â€Å"My Network Place† and click on the properties. 2. You will see Local Area Connection is enable in the Network Connection. 3. Right click on the Local Area Connection and click properties. 4. In the General tab you will choice the â€Å"Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)† and click properties. 5. You will see already select â€Å"Obtain an IP address automatically†. 6. So you will select again the â€Å"Use the following IP address†. 7. For PC1 , IP address is 1.1.1.1 .This IP is group A. 8. In the run box, type cmd and click on â€Å"OK† button. 9. This step is testing these network. If your network is connect, show message (Reply from†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..).If your network is disconnect, show message (Request time out or so on). 10. If your network is connect, showed message below the figure. 11. Open your Server2003 Local Disk D and then right click on anywhere and choice new folder. 12. In this folder, rename pc2. 13. Right-click on this folder and click â€Å"Sharing and Security†. 14. Select the sharing tab. 15. In the sharing tab and select â€Å"share this folder on the network†. 16. In this stage, pc1 folder is already share. Install and configure the printer on one of the PCs Network Printer for Win-1 1. HpDeskjet 3900 printer put into your computers USB port at the same time you will see â€Å"Found New Hardware†. 2. Click the start menu bar and choice setting and click printer and fax. 3. We will see â€Å"Add a printer† and click on it. 4. We will see â€Å"Add printer Wizard† and click â€Å"Next†. 5. Choice â€Å"Local printer attached to the computer† and click â€Å"Next†. 6. You will click on the down arrow and choice â€Å"USB(Virtual printer ports for USB) and click on the â€Å"Next†. 7. You will see this box and click on the â€Å"Next† 8. You will click on the â€Å"Have Disk† button. 9. Appear â€Å"Install From Disk† dialog box and click on the â€Å"OK† button. 10. You will choice the â€Å"auto run†. 11. You will see next time â€Å"Install From Disk† dialog box and click on the â€Å"Browse† button. 12. You will see â€Å"Add Printer Wizard† dialog box and click on the â€Å"Next†. 13. And then your printer name is â€Å"Hp Deskjet 3300 Series† and click on the â€Å"Next†. 14. You will choice the â€Å"Do not share this printer† and click â€Å"Next†. 15. Choice â€Å"No† and click â€Å"Next† button. 16. You will click on the â€Å"Finish† button. 17. The network printer can already use. 18. Right click on the printer and click on printing preferences. 19. You will click on the â€Å"Sharing† tab and you will see â€Å"Do not share this printer. 20. You will share this printer so you will select the â€Å"Share this printer† and click â€Å"Apply and OK† button. 21. This step is already use and already share this printer. Network Printer for Win-2 1. Click the start menu bar and choice setting and click printer and fax. 2. You will see â€Å"Add a printer† and click on it. 3. You will see â€Å"Add printer Wizard† and click â€Å"Next†. 4. Choice â€Å"Local printer attached to the computer† and click â€Å"Next†. 5. Select â€Å"A network printer, or a printer attached to another computer and click â€Å"Next†. 6. You will see â€Å"Browse for a printer† already selected . 7. So you will select again on â€Å"Connect to the printer (or to browse for a printer select this option and click next)† and click on the â€Å"Next† button. 8. Type your printer name and click on the â€Å"Next† button. 9. Connect to the printer is successful and click on finish button. 10. The network printer can already use on the network. Network Printer for win-3 1. Click the start menu bar and choice setting and click printer and fax. 2. We will see â€Å"Add a printer† and click on it. 3. We will see â€Å"Add printer Wizard† and click â€Å"Next†. 4. You will see already select â€Å"Local printer attached to the computer† and click â€Å"Next†. 5. So you will select â€Å"A network printer, or a printer attached to another computer and click â€Å"Next†. 6. You will see â€Å"Browse for a printer† already selected . 7. So you will select again on â€Å"Connect to the printer (or to browse for a printer select this option and click next)† and click on the â€Å"Next† button. 8. Type your printer name and click on the â€Å"Next† button. 9. This step is asked to connect with the network printer and click on yes button. 10. Connect to the printer is successful and click on finish button. 11. The network printer can already use on the network. Sharing folder 1. Right-click on the desktop choice new folder. 2. You will rename this folder. 3. You will see the folder on the desktop. 4. Right click on the folder and choice the share and security 5. In sharing tab, selected â€Å"Sharing the folder† and click on permission button 6. Checked on all allowed button and click apply and ok button 7. You will see already shared folder on the desktop. Task 3 Searching for PCs and other peripheral devices No Name StartDate EndDate 1. Monitor 3.7.2009 3.7.2009 2. Casing and Power Supply 3.7.2009 3.7.2009 3. Mother board 3.7.2009 3.7.2009 4. Microprocessor 3.7.2009 3.7.2009 5. Hard disk drive 3.7.2009 3.7.2009 6. Graphic card 4.7.2009 4.7.2009 7. Main Memory 4.7.2009 4.7.2009 8. CD-ROM 4.7.2009 4.7.2009 9. Printer 4.7.2009 4.7.2009 10. Microsoft Windows XP Professional w/SP2 5.7.2009 5.7.2009 Searching for Network devices No Name StartDate EndDate 1. Network Interface Card 5.7.2009 5.7.2009 2. UTP cable 5.7.2009 5.7.2009 3. Switch 5.7.2009 5.7.2009 Assembling the Personal Computer and driver installation No Name StartDate EndDate 1. Assembling the PCs 30.7.2009 30.7.2009 2. Main Memory installation 31.7.2009 31.7.2009 3. Graphic Card installation 31.7.2009 31.7.2009 4. CD-ROM installation 31.7.2009 31.7.2009 5. Hard disk format and 1.8.2009 1.8.2009 6. Window XP installation 1.8.2009 1.8.2009 Preparing three Personal Computer connect to the network and sharing printer No Name StartDate EndDate 1. Network card installation 29.8.2009 29.8.2009 2. 3PCs Network 29.8.2009 29.8.2009 3. Sharing folder 29.8.2009 29.8.2009 2. Sharing printer 2.9.2009 2.9.2009 Task 4 Task4 Name, location and contents of 5 Major system files in Windows XP †¢ C:WINDOWSBOOT.INI †¢ C: WINDOWS NTLD †¢ C: WINDOWS NTBOOTDD.SYS †¢ C: WINDOWS NTUSER.DAT †¢ C: WINDOWS NTDETECT.COM 5 common technologies available for establishing Internet connectivity through Our Windows XP 1. ADSL(use phone line and cable modem) 2. Wi-Max(use access point) 3. Satellite 4. Broadband and 5. IP star Features of Linux †¢ the several programs running at the same time †¢ the several users on the same machine at the same time (and no two-user licenses!) †¢ runs on many different CPUs, not just Intel †¢ One program cant bring the whole system down †¢ Linux only reads from disk those parts of a program that are actually used †¢ dynamically linked shared libraries (DLLs), and static libraries too, of course †¢ support for many national or customized keyboards, and it is fairly easy to add new ones dynamically †¢ supports several common file systems, including minix, Xenix, and all the common system V file systems †¢ UMSDOS is special file systems which allows Linux to install on a DOS file system †¢ read-only HPFS-2 support for OS/2 2.1 †¢ TCP/IP networking, ftp, telnet, NFS and so on †¢ Netware client and server †¢ LAN Manager/Windows Native (SMB) client and server †¢ the base protocols available include TCP, IPv4, IPv6, AX.25, X.25, IPX, DDP (AppleTalk), Netrom and so on †¢ Stable network protocols included TCP, IPv4, IPX, DDP, AX.25 and etc Reference Web Reference http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/how-to-tech/build-a-computer.htm www.metasearch.com www.google.com www.yahoo.com Book Reference PC World Fundamental of Hardware and Operating system McGraw.Hill.Mike.Meyers.A.plus.Guide.to.Managing.and.Troubleshooting.PCs.Lab.Manual.2nd.Edition.Apr.2007

Macbeth: Shakespeares Comparisons And Contrasts :: essays research papers

Macbeth: Shakespeare's Comparisons and Contrasts Throughout Macbeth Shakespeare uses comparison and contrast to bring out characteristics of his main character, Macbeth. Shakespeare uses comparison with Duncan, Lady Macbeth, and Banquo to bring out aspects of Macbeth's character. After hearing of Macbeth's courageousness on the battlefield, Duncan, a good and honest king, bestows the tittle of Cawdor on Macbeth. The king then proclaims his son Malcom to be Prince of Cumberland, in effect designating him as successor to the throne of Scotland. This dramatic announcement of Duncan's chosen successor marks the beginning of an ironic story. It is at this point in the play that we, the audience, become fully aware of Macbeth's intentions to murder the king. Duncan hails Macbeth as his "worthiest cousin" and blindly entrusts his fate to one whom he considers his "peerless kinsman." Shakespeare concentrates on Macbeth's courage so that he can contrast it later on with the terror and panic of Macbeth's psychological anguish. Lady Macbeth will stop at nothing -not even murder- to satisfy her driving ambition. She worries that Macbeth is "too full of the milk of human kindness" to go after the throne. She wants to be tough and begs the spirits to "unsex me here." Macbeth, on the other hand, hesitates to murder Duncan for several reasons. Among these reasons the earthly consequences frighten him the most. How would his new subjects react? Would the kingdom disrupt in chaos? Furthermore Macbeth cannot escape present punishment if he fails. We see Lady Macbeth's persuasiveness producing a new courage in her husband and that courage is manly enough to perform murder. Therefore, Macbeth has no reasons for murdering Duncan except for his "vaulting ambition," his lust for power. Throughout the play we see Lady Macbeth's and Macbeth's conscience, or lack of, change places. Macbeth transformed from having a guilt ridden conscience to having no conscience what so ever. However, Lady Macbeth changes from having no conscience at all to becoming so guilt ridden that she took her own life. Like Macbeth, Banquo is courageous.

Midieval Technology And Social Change :: essays research papers

Medieval Technology and Social Change Medieval Technology and Social Change Oxford University Press first published Medieval Technology and Social Change in 1962. It discusses the technological advances during the medieval times and how these changes affected society. The book's author, Lynn White, Jr., was born in San Francisco in 1907. Educated at Stanford, Union Theological, and Princeton, White taught at Princeton and the University of California at Los Angeles. He was also president of Mills College in Oakland from the 1940s to the 1960s. His other works include Medieval Religion and Technology: Collected Essays, published in 1978 and Life & Work in Medieval Europe, the Evolution of Medieval Economy from the Fifth to the Fifteenth Century, published in 1982. White's work has been influential both in medieval history and the history of science. In Medieval Technology and Social Change, White examines the role of technological innovation during the rise of social groups in the Middle Ages. White begins with the in vention of the stirrup. He shows how this innovation, in turn, introduced heavy, long-range cavalry to the medieval battlefield. The development thus escalated small-scale conflict to "shock combat." Cannons and flame-throwers followed, as did more peaceful inventions, such as watermills and reapers. White also reviews the development of the manorial system with the introduction of new kinds of plows and new methods of crop rotation. He reviews the evolution of the scratch plow into the heavy plow and explains the use of each type in different areas of Europe. White next discusses the social effects of feudalism and how it spread from the Franks to Spain and later to England. He shows that military service became a matter of class, with lands and titles being exchanged for the commitment to serve as mounted warriors. The concept of the knight's duty to his lord translated into chivalry and noble obligation. White then ventures into the slow collapse of feudalism, coming ab out with the development of machines and tools. This caused the introduction of factories, which took the place of cottage industries. Although White's work falls short in a few areas, it is valuable for the attention that it pays to aspects of medieval history that too often go ignored White's work is important because he advocates the importance of science and technology to medieval history. Before White, few scholars thought that any significant science or engineering was done in Europe during the Middle.

constitution :: essays research papers

The Constitution itself did not mention political parties, and it was assumed that none was going to arise. But this was soon proven wrong when the debates between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists in 1787 and 1788 stir into a two party system. This soon led to a permanent feature in American policies. In early times, groups of people formed temporary assembly and voted together either for or against a specific policy. When the policy was settled, the assemblies would dissolve. The Federalists and Anti-Federalist was sort of like these assemblies, but they didn’t dissolve that easily.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1790’s became known as the Federalist Era because a Federalist President led it. Political parties began to form around two leaders, Hamilton and Jefferson. The Federalist Party supported Hamilton and his financial program. The opposing party that was known as the Democratic-Republican Party supported Jefferson and tried to elect candidates in different states who opposed Hamilton’s program. The French Revolution later hardened the formation of these two parties. Americans became sharply divided over whether it should or should not support France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Federalist strength was greatest in the northeastern states and the places that favored the growth of a federal power. They supported British and aided businesses, national bank, and tariffs. Made up of the rich businessmen and large landowners. The Democratic-Republican power were the party whose supporters were mainly from the southern states and where people favored the protection of state rights and a weak central government. They supported French, favored agriculture, no national bank, and opposed tariffs. 2). Explain the circumstances that lead to the incorporation of a Bill of Rights in our federal Constitution. State two rights guaranteed to you by the Bill of Rights, and explain what privileges each right grants to you and what privileges each right grants to you and what obligations each right demands to you.

8-Corporate Governance Practices in Emerging Markets: The Case of GCC Countries

Literature Review Different CG indices have been confirmed in the literature, mostly depended on developed countries. But, very small work has been carried out on the developing and developing markets. An attempts is carried out to establish know how of the emerging markets of Asia Especially established in oil based GCC countries. A little Interesting work has been carried out by two professional bodies; Institutional Shareholder Service (ISS) and Investors responsibility Research Center (IRRC). Both, ISS and IRRC provide a large CG database which offers a complex measure to analyses the overall Quality of a firm's CG. In this area Important research i has been Done by La Porta et al. (1998), Klapper and Love (2002), Gompers Et al. (2003), De Toledo and Pillicer (2006), Brown ; Caylor (2006), Leal and Carvalhal-da-Silva (2005), Ananchotikul (2007), Garay and Gonzalez (2008), Daines et al., 2010; Ibrahimpasic (2012) and Hassan (2012), are among others. A preliminary work CG was conducted By La Porta et al. (1998) to estimates the limits of that develops an â€Å"anti-director rights† Index to measure the degree of shareholder safety a major Factor in CG in 49 countries around the world. The index is calculated to know the sum of six dummies that assume the value Of 1 if a given form of shareholder protection is present and 0 Otherwise. It is concluded that common law countries have powerful investor safety than civil law countries and that stronger investor protection is related to greater ownership Dispersion. Following the same lines, Klapper and Love (2002) constructed a weighted average CGI for 374 firms in 14 emerging countries on a scale of 0–100. They conducted a firm level survey completed by Credit Lyonnais Securities Asia (CLSA) but with only six governance Components out of the seven studied by CLSA to build the index. The factors studied are transparency, accountability, independence, management discipline, fairness and responsibility. The study indicated that countries having poor legal systems, scored higher index in terms of CG and companies intending to expand in the market with the help of external credit have more chances of growth. To stick to better governance. Moreover, Klapper and Love that the countries listed in US stock markets shows good Governance. One more renowned and mostly used CG index; the ‘G-Index' was established by Gompers et al. (2003) for 1500 large firms between 1990 and 1998. They used un-weighted index to compute CGI reprocesses IRRC data as an equally weighted sum of 24 Shareholders rights practices across five characteristics; delay, safety, voting, state and others. The index assigns a value of 1 for every attribute that refuse shareholder rights and 0 Otherwise. Results shows that good governance has a positive Relationship with stock returns. In the same scenario, De Toledo and Pillicer (2006) established a governance chart for 97 nonfinancial Public companies in Spain by maintaining a binary Scale. Based on 25 questions and the questionnaire prepared By Brown and Caylor (2006); Gompers et al. (2003) and Klapper and Love (2004) are considered to arrive at the CGI and Companies scoring 25 are assume to portray high governance Standards. A study by Leal and Carvalhal-da-Silva (2005) on Brazil established another milestone in index preparation related to emerging Countries. They prepared an un-weighted CGI for 131 firms listed in The Sao Paulo stock exchange from 1998 to 2002. Title 11-Temporal Granger Causality and the Dynamics Relationship between Real Tourism Receipts, Real Income and Real Exchange Rates in Malaysia Literature Review This study applies the bounds testing Approach, error-correction modeling and Persistence profile to analyses the dynamic Relationship between real tourism receipts, Real income and real exchange rates in Malaysia. The study is covering sample period 1974 to 2009. Finding of this study disclosed that a long term relationship subsist in between the variables. In short term finding are that no Granger causality between actual income and real tourism receipts, while multiple causality in the long run. In addition it has been found that unidirectional causality running from real Exchange rates to real tourism receipts and Real income in both short- and long-run. The ultimate purpose of this study is to explore the temporal Granger causality and dynamic relationship between real tourism receipts, real Income and real exchange rates in Malaysia for the period of 1974 to 2009. Applied the bound testing approach and Granger causality Test in addition to variance decomposition, Impulse response function and Persistence profile analyses to achieve the purpose of this study. Major finding are, the bounds testing Approach indicates the existence of a long-run Relationship between real exchange rates, real tourism receipts and real Income in Malaysia. Second, to enhance the robustness of conclusion, it engages three long-run estimators, Namely ARDL, DOLS and FMOLS to Estimate the long-run elasticity's. Real income and real exchange rates have a positive and significant effect on real tourism Receipts in Malaysia. Third, the Granger causality Test is used to investigate the direction of Causality between the variables. In the short term, there is unidirectional Granger causality running from real exchange rates to real tourism Receipts and real income, but no Granger Causality between real tourism receipts and real Income. Therefore, in the long-run, we find bidirectional Granger causality verification in between real income and Real tourism receipts, but a Unidirectional Granger causality running from Real exchange rates to real tourism receipts and real income. Fourth, apart from using the Granger causality test, we consider variance Decomposition and impulse response function to find out the reaction of each variable either it is attributed to its own shock and to the shocks in other variables in the system. It is also called as the variable specific Shock. In describing shocks to real tourism Receipts in Malaysia, real income is more important than real exchange rates. Meantime, real exchange rates and Real tourism receipts are equally necessary in describing shocks to Real income. The urge reply of function disclose that shocks to real income and real exchange Rates have significant positive impacts on real tourism Receipts in the short- and long-term. Further, shock to real tourism receipts has a Positive effect on real income, while shock to real exchange rates has a negative effect on Real income in Malaysia. It is concluded that, persistence Profile showed that the real tourism receipts System is stable and valid as the profile Declines sharply towards the equilibrium within a period about three years after a system-wise shock. This affirms that the Trivariate co integrating system used in this Study is logical. For policy-making, we could mention at least two significant policy indications from the findings of this study. First, tourism is the long-term source for economic growth in Malaysia as the Granger Causality results propose that real income and real tourism receipts have bidirectional causality. Title 12-Corporate ownership, governance and tax avoidance An interactive effects Literature Review The fact is that taxes deductions from the cash flows available to a firm, and therefore the dividends distributable to the shareholders, propose that firm owners would attempt to increase their wealth through various taxes to keep away from these Practices. Such types of advantages of enhanced cash flows from tax avoidance practices are ingenious with certain Non-tax costs. This required the costs/benefits considering of such type of practices and the choice of tax avoidance if the interest outweigh the linked costs. Therefore, the benefits and the associated costs with corporate tax avoidance are discussed here. Prior to explanation, little awareness are provided on the meaning and measures of corporate Tax avoidance to give proper ground for the discussion in detail. The corporate tax avoidance lacks universal definition as it might connote â€Å"different thing to different People† (Hanlon ; Heitzman, 2010:137). The reality is that there is significant tax impacts on all settlement of a Company, meant to enhance its profit, could account for such shortness of universal definition. , they have different definitions of corporate tax avoidance put up by researchers in present times (for a review of these definitions see: Salihu, Sheikh Obid ; Annuar, 2013; Salihu 2014). Here, explain corporate tax avoidance as a decrease the clear cut corporate tax liabilities. This definition is in line with Hanlon and Heitzman (2010) It explains tax avoidance â€Å"as a continuum of tax arrangements policies where something like municipal bond Investments are at one side (lower explicit tax, perfectly legal), Therefore , the terms Such as tax management; tax planning; tax sheltering; and tax aggressiveness are exchangeable used with tax Avoidance in the literature (see for instance: Chen et al. 2010; Lanis and Richardson, 2011; 2012; Minnick ; Noga, 2010; Tang ; Firth, 2011). Similar to its definition, there have been many ways of corporate tax avoidance used in the prior Literature. These ways are mainly depended on the estimates from the financial statements and could be categorized into three classes/groups. The first group adds those measures that examine the multitude of the gap between book and Taxable income. All these consist of total book-tax gap; residual book-tax gap and tax-effect book-tax gap. The Second group has to take up with those establish the evaluate the proportional amount of taxes to business income. All these having effective tax rates (this comes in several variants like accounting ETR; current ETR; cash ETR; Long-run cash ETR; ETR differential; ratio of income tax expense to operating cash flow; ; ratio of cash taxes Paid to operating cash flow). The third group comprises other measures such as optional permanent differences (PERMIDIFF)/DTAX; unrecognized tax benefits (UTB); and tax shelter estimates. Other than this plethora of measures of corporate tax avoidance used in the tax literature, its conforming aspect remains un-captured as most of the measures are computed based on items that are affected by accrual accounting Procedures. To this part, Hanlon and Heitzman (2010) proposed a measure for conforming tax avoidance as the Proportion of cash tax paid to operating cash flow. Salihu, Sheikh Obid and Annuar (2013) documented the significant difference of this measure from other similar measures. This study suggested the use this measure for the Empirical investigation given the context of the study.

Bystanders need to make a change and take action Essay

You cant wake person who is pretending to be asleep-Navajo aphorism battalion act as if zero point is happening when they do non lack to face the reality of the situation by pretending to be unawargon or unsure despite macrocosm give ined with the evidence. some bulk now a days, come actions which may seem like they atomic number 18 participating in an activity only if in reality they be on the nose surveiling. People do non concenter on the situation itself, precisely they think on their surroundings. They understand that they might be in a difficult military capability although they try to deflect it. Some situations where world experience themselves cosmos in maven place physic completelyy and having themselves in a different spot mentally ar when people are cosmos bystanders. Bystanders are people who are presend in an event or incident but do not participate or act upon it. Bystanders fuddle always been a part of the worlds essential occurrences. The bystander kernel has occurred in history intensively up to this effect of snip. The bystander effect has been present in the Holocaust, the Partition of India and Pakistan and Barack Obama being clear as the first African-American chairperson. The bystander effect occurred all the way back to the 1900s, during the time of World War 2.There was a destructive event that took place, it was called The Holocaust. The Holocaust was a great devastation sacrifice stainless with fire. It was systematic mass slaughter of European Jews by the Nazi government and advocators. During this occlusive of time, 6 million lives were slayn. They were at their most(prenominal) efficient from April to November 1942 250 days in 2 which they murdered ii and a one-half million Jews (http//www.facinghistory.org).. The governments of the united States, Britain, and the Soviet coupling even made a vocalize statement acknowledging the mass murders for the first time. Yet, they go along to do not hing to separate or prevent more loose deaths (http//www.facinghistory.org). The affiliate nations were aware of the deaths of the millions of innocent Jews but being informed about the scenario they continued to avoid the situation. Being people with higher authorities, the allied nations could have prevented or stopped this chance from taking place. But they did not unavoidableness to get themselves into a problem and fabricate conflicts for their own countries. They were afraid that if they did not ache the bully, they would be the nextvictim.As innocent people were getting murdered in Ger some(prenominal), in India near that resembling period of time innocent people were being bollocks upd. In August 1947, the partition of British India took place. This event was life altering for millions of people. subsequently the British parted from India, the creation of two countries raised India and Pakistan. This catastrophe was known for the abduction, rape and abuse towards women. In 1950, Menon and Bha sinning wrote, the official auspicate for numbers of abducted women stood at 50,000 Muslims in India and 33,000 Hindus and Sikhs in Pakistan (http//www.womenundersiegeproject.org). Women of different ethnicities, age and social classes were all victimized, raped and tormented. The men would also publically molest the women to make them feel traumatized and disgraced, and people would practiced watch the awful sin like it is casual and not do anything to stop what is happening. The stories of these abductions and rapes caused panic in more rural areas families reportedly killed their female children to hand over them from being defiled. Patel recounts numerous incidents of beheading, drowning, burning, and execution by the male head of family in commit to protect his womenfrom the threat of dishonour(http//www.womenundersiegeproject.org).People would just stand around and watch men rape women. But nada did anything, they just stood and patrolled. They watched and encouraged, because she was the opposite religion, she was the enemy. People were discriminated establish on their race, culture and religion and presently are being victimized for the aforementioned(prenominal) reason. On November 8, 2008 Barack Hussein Obama was elected the forty-fourth president of the coupled States. This victory introduced many hardships into Obamas life in views of him being the first ever African-American president of the United States. Because this was a racial rewrite in many peoples lives, he was verbally and emotionally attacked with racial violations. Obama has also dodged numerous racist attacks from orthodox protestors and personalities.Last year, a group interpret Bye Bye Blackbird and waved signs recitation 47 percent Negro and cite the half-white Muslim at one of his communicate events (http//www.usnews.com). In this scenario, there was persistent name calling related to colour, ethnicity, culture or faith. There were many points where hurtful behaviours, two physical andpsychological, made them feel unwelcome, impotent or worthless because of their colour, ethnicity, culture or faith. There were malicious messages and letters sent to Obama and people just continued and get together the others.They thought that since he is the first African American president in the United States, he should not deserve the same equality of right as the pervious white presidents. People trended by make fun of him, and no one did anything to stop it and it still continues to present days. There are many occurrences in life, when people just stand around and observe a situation but do not do anything to stop it, they do not act upon it. The human species is aware thatif they do not stop such catastrophes they bequeath give others a chance to have a negative perspective on other cultures, ethnicities, and races. Not making this okay, because it ordain cause many riots in the future. It is time,that bystanders soak up to make a change and take action for the right thing.Work Cited brainy Quote, (2014), Navajo Proverb Quotes Brainy Quote, Web. Feb, 24, 2014. Holocaust Bystanders and Upstanders. Aug 2014. Press, Web. 24 Feb. 2014. . India-Pakistan Partition. 14 Sep 2013. N.p., Web. 24 Feb. 2014. . Obama racism. 2008. United States Publishers, Web. 24 Feb. 2014. . Obama Threat. 2009 . N.p., Web. 24 Feb. 2014. .